![]() of stress into columns has been seen in 3D particle flow code. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. incomplete impregnation of the tension cracks: these are discussed in the direct shear. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Only with this assumption, the azimuth of relief-crack populations can be related to in-situ stress azimuth, and the closing pressure of relief cracks to in-situ stress magnitudes. 7.1, the crucial assumption in core-based stress estimates is that the dominating portion of the stress-relief cracks observed in deep drill cores is caused by the relief of present-day stresses. 8.1.1 The PFC2D Model in the Compression Configuration only. The focus of this chapter is shifted from borehole methods to core-based methods for in-situ stress estimates. Between numerous intragranular and intergranular cracks, discrete element codes, fractal. For fracturing, in particular, the stress difference between lithologies in a geological sequence is the major control on fracture-height growth. ![]() Stress magnitudes are important for wellbore stability and hydraulic fracturing. If wells are not sited properly, drainage patterns will overlap and production may be uneconomic. 7.2), is important for field development as optimum drainage in a tight reservoir will depend on the drainage from a hydraulic fracture. ![]() The orientation of the stress field, which controls the azimuth of the hydraulic fracture (Sect. In-situ stresses are important for many processes in tight gas reservoirs, ranging from siting the well, to drilling, completion and long-term production.
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